National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) Practice Exam 2025 – The All-in-One Guide to Exam Success!

Hyperparathyroidism is the most likely disorder causing diffuse joint and muscle pain, particularly in the context of a history of kidney stones. This condition is characterized by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the body. When PTH levels are elevated due to hyperparathyroidism, it leads to increased calcium release from bones, increased intestinal absorption of calcium, and increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium.

As a result, patients often experience hypercalcemia, which can manifest as diffuse musculoskeletal pain, as excess calcium can lead to joint pain and discomfort in the muscles. Additionally, hyperparathyroidism is commonly associated with the formation of kidney stones, often due to the increased levels of calcium in the urine, which can precipitate stone formation.

The other options do not typically relate to both diffuse joint and muscle pain alongside a history of kidney stones. Hypoparathyroidism involves low calcium levels and typically presents with muscle cramps and spasms, rather than pain. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism primarily affect metabolic processes and can lead to muscle weakness or discomfort, but they are not associated with kidney stones or the specific musculoskeletal symptoms presented in this case.